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Time series analysis concerns the mathematical modelling of time varying phenomena, e.g., ocean waves, water levels in lakes and rivers, demand for electrical power, radar signals, muscular reactions, ECG-signals, or option prices at the…

The course deals with model building and estimation in non-linear dynamic stochastic models for financial systems. The models can have continuous or discrete time and the model building concerns determining the model structure as well as…

Least squares and maximum-likelihood-method; odds ratios; Multiple and linear regression; Matrix formulation; Methods for model validation, residuals, outliers, influential observations, multi co-linearity, change of variables; Choice of…

Bayesian methods for stochastic modelling, classification and reconstruction. Random fields, Gaussian random fields, Kriging, Markov fields, Gaussian Markov random fields, non-Gaussian observations. Covariance functions, multivariate…

Basic definitions. Continued study of AR (auto regressive), MA (moving average) and ARMA-processes. Line spectrum and parametric estimating methods. Sub space based techniques. Non-parametric spectral estimators, data-adaptive techniques…

The course consists of two related parts. In the first part we will look at option theory in discrete time. The purpose is to quickly introduce fundamental concepts of financial markets such as free of arbitrage and completeness as well as…

The course treats: The real numbers: axioms, examples of proofs of basic arithmetical rules. The elementary functions, polynomials, rational functions, the exponential function and the natural logarithm, the trigonometric functions…

The course treats: Elementary logic and set theory Basic properties of the natural numbers and the integers: induction, divisibility, Euclid’s algorithm Basic properties of polynomials: divisibility, Euclid’s algorithm Complex…

The course treats: Functions of several variables, basic topology in R^n. Continuity, theorems about continuous functions. Differentiable functions, gradients and directional derivatives. Taylor's formula. Extreme values…

Variable substitution, inverse and implicit functions, curve and surface integrals, Green's formula, Gauss Divergence Theorem, Stokes Theorem are treated.

The course treats Matrices: matrix operations, matrix inverse, matrix rank Determinants: definition and properties Linear spaces: subspace, span, linear dependence/independence, basis, dimension Euclidean spaces: scalar product,…

The course treats: Properties of the real numbers R: completeness axiom, Cauchy sequences, cardinality of rational and irrational numbers. Topology in Rn: open and closed sets, p-norms, convergence, compactness and the Bolzano…

The course treats: Basic properties of Fourier series of functions in one variable. Exponential form and trigonometric form. Riemann-Lebesgue lemma. Elementary conditions for pointwise and uniform convergence. Gibbs phenomenon. Basic…

The course treats: Number theory: divisibility, prime numbers, the Euclidean algorithm, Chinese remainder theorem, modular arithmetic Sets, functions and relations, equivalence relations Combinatorics: the four cases of counting with…

The aim of the course is to give necessary knowledge of digital image analysis for further research within the area and to be able to use digital image analysis within other research areas such as computer graphics, image coding, video…

The course treats basic theory of analytic functions: Elementary properties of analytic functions in one variable. Complex differentiability and Cauchy-Riemann equations. Calculation rules. Elementary examples of analytic functions:…

The course treats: Existence and uniqueness of solutions to initial value problems for systems of ordinary differential equations. Approximation of solutions and continuous dependence on parameters. Linear systems with variable and…

The course treats variational problems with and without constraints, Euler equations with and without constraints, Legendre, Jacobi and Weierstrass necessary condition for local minimum, Hilbert invariant integral and Weierstrass…

The course treats: Number theory: the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, modular artithmetic. Groups: definition, basic examples of groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, factor groups, isomorphisms and homomorphisms, Lagrange's theorem,…

The course treats multiplicative number theoretic functions, Möbius inversion formula, properties of Euler's totient function, primitive roots and indices, quadratic residues, the Legendre symbol and its properties, the quadratic…